“Destined for” is correct. A few notes for you here:

I think instead of “lived” you mean “left” – the bus left São Paulo.
Since it happened in the past, you want to say “it was destined for”
Finally, we don’t use the word “local” to mean “place.” Here, you can simply say “point of origin”

So: “The bus left São Paulo and it was destined for Porto Alegre, but because of a mechanical issue it returned to its point of origin.”

Great, perfect example. Just one tiny edit. Instead of saying, “have a common feature” you can say, “have one thing in common” or “have one feature in common.”

You had the same idea as Hana. You can use “destined” with a verb (work), but you form it differently. You would say, “He was destined to work in Italy, but…” If you want to say “destined for”, you have to put a place after “for.” So you can say, “He was destined for Italy when his employer changed its mind and sent him to Germany instead.” (With employer, you’d want to say “its mind.”)

I’ve got a little feedback on “destined for.” After “destined for” you have to put a place. When you said, “destined for making…” you put an action. So you can say, “Many trees are destined for houses these days.” You can use “destined” with an action, meaning “the object’s purpose is to…” but you form it differently. You would say, “They are destined to make a great Christmas atmosphere” or, better, “…they are destined to be part of the Christmas atmosphere.”